A transmission line is a structure that is used to transfer RF signal/energy from one point to another. A transmission line can be a trace on a PCB, a coaxial cable, or any other structure that is designed to carry RF signals.
Characteristic Impedance
The key characteristic of a transmission line is that it has a specific impedance. This impedance is important for ensuring that the RF signal is properly transferred from the source to the load. If the impedance of the transmission line is mismatched with the impedance of the source or load, it can result in reflections, which can degrade the signal quality and cause other issues.
To minimize the risk of reflections and other issues, transmission lines are designed to have a specific characteristic impedance, which is typically 50 ohms for most RF circuits.
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